Questions for the Wan and Chiou (2006) Article

1. What’s the topic of the research?

The topic of the research is to investigate the conscious and unconscious psychological motivations of online game addicts, and to further discuss the relationship between surface and source motivations.

2. Copy the introduction and highlight sections that correspond to the following three questions. Use yellow, red, and green (in that order):

What is known about this topic?

The Internet itself is not addictive, but specific applications embedded with interactive features appear to play a significant role in the development of pathological Internet use.

Users can build their own virtual organizations and create individual factions, organizations, and
terms based on shared beliefs, goals, preferences, and other factors.

Online games have become one of the most addictive activities on the Internet.

Excessive use of online games can result in a number of negative outcomes, such as a negative impact on academic performance, increased anxiety, deterioration of interpersonal relationship,
escape from reality, and youth violence and crimes.

What’s missing in our current knowledge about the topic?

The majority of research concerned with online games has been conducted within a quantitative research paradigm. Few have explored this issue using qualitative research methodology, such as conducting in-depth interviews with online game addicts. Tsai and Lin suggested that qualitative data gathered from interviews might not only help researchers interpret the findings revealed but also produce a more detailed picture about Internet addiction. Griffiths also suggested that other empirical techniques such as in-depth qualitative interviews are required.

How will the author find out what’s missing?

The aim of this study was to conduct in-depth interviews focusing on excessive and addictive online game use among adolescents in Taiwan.

3. The introduction only provides a cursory discussion of previous research. Why is this so?

The study has titled with rapid communication. So, authors has to state their opinion in a short time. As a result they emphasize the basic point not included in the previous researches.

4. Who is the article’s intended audience? Why should the audience be concerned about the issue? (Provide a relevant quote from the text of the article.)

Academics studying on human psyhcology are the article`s intended audience. Also, people having great concern on the online game addiction of youth are the intended audience.

Against there are more quantitative studies on the online game addiction, researchers may be find a few qualitative studies. Because this study depends on qualitative methods, it can be attractive for these researchers.

"Analysis of the results indicated that psychological needs and motivations could be categorized into the following seven themes:

The aim of this study was to explore addicts’ psychological texts among adolescents in Taiwan.

The aim of this study was to conduct in-depth interviews focusing on excessive and addictive online game use among adolescents in Taiwan."

5. Based on the article’s initial sentence, who do you think Young is? Status?

Young is an esteemed academician in the field of human psychology. Also he/she made several studies in the related fields. His/her studies related with online game addiction are considered an fundamental works.

6. List examples of the following uses of tense:

Present tense to describe a generalization.

Internet itself is not addictive.

Therefore, online game addiction is an issue of great concern that requires further exploration.

Ng et al.stated that social interaction in MMORPGs is highly essential, as you must collaborate with other players in the game to succeed in more complex goals, and a player must join a “guild” or “clan” of other players to advance further in the game.

Therefore, the presence of needs for power and achievement in the conscious level merely reflects their weak or absent existence in the unconscious level.

Present perfect (e.g., “I have done…”) to describe a newsworthy trend.

Online games have attracted large numbers of players.

Online games have become one of the most addictive activities on the Internet.

Past tense used to show examples.

All of the subjects exhibited addictive behavior toward online games.

7. Find three sentences that use the passive and explain if and why the passive voice is preferable to active voice.

"The subjects for the present study were selected because they demonstrated addictive behaviors toward online games and were highly cooperative."

Authors want to explain why they choose the subjects. they emphasize the qualities of subjects.

"On-line interviews can be conducted without the limitations of time and location, and each interviewee’s responses could easily be recorded in digital format"

Previous sentence, authors talk about importance of interviews which can be done over internet. So in this sentence, they start to sentence with "on line interviews" and want to emphasize useful side of this technique.

"However, this motivation is not accepted by the censorship of the superego."

This sentence can be written by using active voice "Censorhip of the superego doesn`t accept this motivation." However, in this case connection with the previous sentence may become difficult, because phrase of "this motivation' refers to the previous sentence.

8. List the transitional elements used in the paragraph under the heading “Self-reflections.”

However
Moreover
Even though
Therefore

9. Find 20 examples of hedging in the discussion section of the article.

The relationship between sense of control and self-efficacy might provide insight into this pathological use of online games.

playing games compulsively might only serve as a coping mechanism

they might become more likely to engage in

they often do things that they dare not to do in real life.

many people who are addicted to the Internet might attempt to escape

at the conscious level addicted players might seek selfpresentation in an anonymous, relaxing, and secure space,

they might actually have an unsatisfied need

some subjects’ reports indicate

the players might be pursuing the satisfaction of achievement

the pathological viewpoints of psychodynamics for compulsive behaviors could be used to explain

these source motivations might be the dynamic

the counseling intervention could be employed by

Future studies could consider conducting in-depth interviews

participants might be more forthcoming

10. Which citation style is used?
(See http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/citations.html)
APA
MLA
Chicago-Turabian

Chicago-Turabian style is used.

11. How many heading styles are used in the paper? Based on the heading styles, create an outline of the paper (only use headings in your outline).

Three heading styles are used in the paper.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

Subjects

Procedure

Interview questions

RESULTS

Psychological needs and motivations

Addicts’ focus of life

Interplay of virtual self and real self

Compensatory or extensive satisfaction

Self-reflections

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

12. Describe the methodology used in the study. Was this a qualitative or quantitative study?

Methodology used in the study basicly depends on some interviews. Interviewees are selected from real examples. all interviews include several questions. This study was a qualitative.

13. Based on the discussion section, what could be a possible follow on study?

A possible follow on study could be include adolescents from other countries. In this way cross-cultural analyses can be done. Also, following study could consider conducting in-depth interviews over the internet. because of the anonymous environment of internet participantc may be more honest.

14. All studies have limitations. What are some of the limitations mentioned in this study?

This study is limited by Taiwanese adolescents. It also depends on face to face interviews. This type of interviews results in a time limit. Also the number of participants is limited.

refering

Internet Heavy Use and Addiction among Taiwanese
College Students: An Online Interview Study

Introduction

In recent years, the Internet has become the most popular consumer technology and is changing the way people all over the world live and communicate. Taiwan’s first network infrastructure, Tanet, has been in existence since 1990, and connects all schools and major research institutes. Tanet has provided convenient and free access to faculty and most students. However, over involvement with the Internet on college campuses has occasionally been observed and reported. Some students have exhibited Internet addiction symptoms, such as heavy preoccupation with the Internet, excessive online time, compulsive behavior, and time-management problems.

Kandell stated that college students as a group appear more vulnerable to developing dependence on the Internet than any other segment of society, probably because college students have strong drives to develop firm senses of identity, and to develop meaningful and intimate relationships. In Taiwan, most students leave their homes and move toward independent lives when they enter college. Many reside in school dormitories and have convenient and free Internet access through school network systems. They find the Internet to be an important window through which they can communicate and interact with the world. Further, college students usually have free and easily accessed connections, meaning that Internet use is both implicitly and explicitly encouraged by a recognized, institutional authority. Therefore, Grohol suggests that societal acceptance of the Internet and the effects of labeling Internet use are additional issues that must be taken into consideration when we study Internet addiction or heavy use. Therefore, inspecting the substituting net time for generally accepted television time became one of the interview questions for this study. The implications of Grohol’s observations are that Internet use hours should not be the only factor used to judge Internet addiction, and that observations of online behaviors should not be on temporal bases only.

However, from previous studies, it can be found that user time is an important index for research of Internet addiction. For example, in Young’s study, 396 Internet-dependent subjects reported a striking average of 38.5 h/week spent online, compared to 4.9 h of nondependent Internet users. In Chou and Hsiao’s study, 54 Internet addicts spent 20–25 h/week connected to the Internet—almost triple the number of hours that 856 nonaddicts spent. The fact that addicted (or dependent) individuals spend more time online than nonaddicts has been empirically verified, and remains an important component of research and analysis.

Online activity or application is another factor used by researchers to evaluate Internet addiction. Young reports that dependents primarily use two-way communication functions such as chatrooms, multi-user dimensions or multi-user dungeons (MUDs), newsgroups, and e-mail, while nondependents use information-gathering functions available on the Internet, such as information protocols and the World Wide Web (WWW). Chou and Hsiao’s study reports that an addicted group spent more time on electronic bulletin board systems (BBS) and e-mail than the nonaddicted group. However, it was found that the addicted group also spent more time on the WWW than the nonaddicted group. This study reports that BBS use hours and e-mail use hours are two powerful factors in predicting Internet addiction.

Heavy Internet users often report problems caused by excessive Internet use. Time distortion is a significant and frequently reported problem. Users who spend a significant amount of time online often experience academic, relational, financial, and occupational difficulties, as well as physical impairments. For example, students may have difficulty completing homework assignments, studying, and getting sufficient sleep to meet their academic responsibilities (such as getting up and getting to class). Chou and Hsiao report that the addicted group rated the impact of heavy Internet use on studies and daily living as significantly worse than the nonaddict group. Results showed that most heavy users had experienced one or more negative impacts, but how they coped with these consequences was still unclear from this early work. Did they cut down their Internet use time or reduce the time they spent on daily activities and chores? Were they successful in compensating for the exorbitant amount of time spent on the Internet? This paper focuses on these questions.

Young reports that Internet-dependents gradually spent less time with friends and family in exchange for solitary time in front of a computer. Brenner also reports that some respondents experienced increasing social isolation except for Internet friends. However, Chou and Hsiao’s study found that both addicted and nonaddicted groups experienced the impact of Internet use on their relationships with friends/schoolmates as positive, because they felt that the Internet provided them with opportunities to meet new people, with more topics to share, and with additional, if not primary, tools for communicating with old friends.

Suler posits that whether Internet use is healthy, pathologically addictive, or somewhere in between is determined by the cluster of needs that Internet use fulfills, and how, exactly, those needs are met. In particular, Suler addresses two interpersonal needs: the need to belong and the need for relationships. Both of these needs can be observed among Taiwan’s college students. When most students enter college, they are separated from their families and treated as adults by society—often for the first time. These late adolescents must contend with two important tasks: developing a sense of belonging and identify, and developing new, meaningful relationships. Suler states that, in this sense, the Internet is more than just an information superhighway; it is also a powerful social domain. Kandell observes that college students may overuse two-way Internet communication applications such as chatrooms, email, and MUD games in an effort to accomplish these difficult tasks. The danger lies in overuse, making these activities the central focus of their lives. Young concludes that, while the Internet itself is not addictive, specific applications with interactive, embedded features appear to play a significant role in the development of pathological Internet use. Therefore, one major focus of our study was which Internet applications subjects most often used, how they used them, and what impacts the applications had on their daily activities.

This paper presents results from a 3-year national project entitled “Internet Addiction among Taiwan Students.” The quantitative results of the first year were presented in Chou and Hsiao’s study, which described the overt behaviors of Internet addicts—in particular, network usage patterns. As Griffiths comments, however, the survey method, at best, indicates that Internet addiction may be prevalent in a significant minority of individuals. He suggests that other empirical techniques such as in-depth qualitative interviews are required. Therefore, the present study continues the focus on Taiwan college students, but includes in-depth interviews with subjects to further investigate the reasons for Internet heavy use and addiction, and the impact of such behavior.

game addiction

The first video tries to determine who is at risk from computer games. The speaker thinks that defining addiction is a hard issue. He imagines activities of children as fingers on his hand. Each of them stand for different activities. So some children like a particular acitivity while the other one likes another activity. He thinks that children shouldn't rely on just one activity. Otherwise we can be up against addiction.

The second video is about computer addiction. In its discussion of this topic, it gives a real example and an expert's view. The woman in the video says she spent much of her time on a computer game. She also admits that she was addicted to the game, and shut out her relation with real life. She didn't take care of her children while one of them had needed her help. Her husband also spent his time like her. The expert said computers can be as dangereous to human health as alcohol or drugs. He added that if people spend extensive time on the computer, they may lose brain activity.

using of technology

There is a general debate over the use of technology in education of K-12 students. While some believe that extensive use of technology is a better way for education, the others think differently. When we consider the needs of K-12 students, we can see the importance of school for these children. School provides points such as education, opportunities for friendship, and a social environment, points that are important for individual improvement.

The first task of school is to educate children. Student in any class whatsoever needs to receive a detailed explaination of subjects. They may want to ask questions about subjects, or acquire more information.

summary of `home talk and school talk`

On her article titled `Home Talk and School Talk`, dated 09/09/2008, Anne van Kleeck explains how home talk and school talk differ from each other and how cultures affect school success of students. She classifies the differences into three parts, why we talk, how we talk, what we talk about. When we use home talk for daily activities, school talk is used generally for educational needs. We talk at home in a more closely environment. In school we talk more carefully and give more time to conversation. In home talks we often focuse on subjects related on family. Against, we use school talk to generally educational matters. On the other hand, cultural structure of families is an important factor on the school success. In some families applying pre school activities, students are more successful rather than students of families not giving importance to pre school activities. Teachers recognizing differences between this two group student should approach carefully try to help them.

process paragraph

Rent an apartment

Many people experince some problems when they look for an apartment. However, if they apply some following tips, they can rent an apartment more easily. Firstly, the affordable upper limit for monthly or annual rent should be determined by renter. In determining of the limit, all possible and certain expenses and income are listed by their amounts and periods. After determining the upper limit, possible districts in which an apartment under the upper rent limit can be found should be listed. When making a list of possible regions, a renter should consider other important factors such as the distance to the metro, school, shopping centre and whether the region is safe etc. After chosing some regions, alternative aparments in these regions are searched by via of internet, news and other sources. Renter also may look around directly apartments. However, this method consumes much time. When the searching period finishes, the alternatives should be listed according to their qualities. Renter should focus on the alternatives and reduced them to a few ones. These are better choices. In the final period, the choices should seen and the better one should determine. While making a contract, renter should express all doubts. All the doubts and uncertainties should be negotiated with community manageror landlord and eliminated. Otherwise it is likely that some problems may occur during the rent period.

the process paragraph

Artificial respiration having an vital importance should be done carefully by consider following steps. Artificial respiration may be divided to two parts as preparation and procedure. In the former part, firstly a victim is positioned on a flat place. Then, his or her clothes, especially necktie and collars of shirt, are loosened. After, mouth should be checked for foreign objects. Any foreign objects should be removed to help to breath. Finally, before go to the second part, tongue is pulled forward. In the second part of the artificial respiration, firstly head is tilted. Chin is lifted and then jaw is opened. Head should be kept back. Nostrils are pinched. After this, a deep breath is taken, mouth is placed over victim's. Breath is exhaled. This act is repeated several times. Then victim is checked for mormal breathing.

modifiers

1. Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the basics. [a change]

Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the basics, an education that is without any dispute an important phenomenon for a country as well a person.

Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the basics, a change which probably will be accompanied by some serious problems.

Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the basics, wanting to overcome several current problems.

2. Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manufacturers have been trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, requirements that are forced by federal government to achieve a high safety level for occupants.

Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manufacturers have been trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, a challenge bringing new financial costs to firms in such a hard business environment.

Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manufacturers have been trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements while struggling to develop new models consuming less oil.

3. During the election, John McCain and Sarah Palin have attempted to appeal to conservative voters in the South and Midwest. [demographic]


During the election, John McCain and Sarah Palin have attempted to appeal to conservative voters in the South and Midwest, conservatives that are generally considered opposed to any changes.

During the election, John McCain and Sarah Palin have attempted to appeal to conservative voters in the South and Midwest, a demographic interference that may be useful for Republican Party in the voting period.

During the election, John McCain and Sarah Palin have attempted to appeal to conservative voters in the South and Midwest, hoping to convince some undecided voters.

4. The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for millennia. [a mystery]

The reasons for aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for millennia, a puzzle that has been an attractive subject for the scientists from the several ages.

The reasons for aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for millennia, a mystery that has waited to be unveiled throughout history.

The reasons for aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for millennia, studied by scientist from several decades to unveil their basics.

5. The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople. [an event]

The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many issues, of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople, issues that will not be solved in the near future.

The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople, an interesting discussion that will continue as long as man exists in the world.

The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople, considered by many as an invention opening a way era in the history of science .

6. Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalled when Darwin put forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes.

Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalled when Darwin put forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes, a suggestion that fundamentally challenged faiths of people.

Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalled when Darwin put forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes, a shocking event for the people of that era.

Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalled when Darwin put forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes, skeptical about natural explanations about creation.

7. In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in affluence and stability in the area of political affairs had the consequence of allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together.

In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in affluence and stability in the area of political affairs had the consequence of allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, thoughts that are interpreted as leading to development of European civilizations.

In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in affluence and stability in the area of political affairs had the consequence of allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, a kind of democratic period that represents a very important stage in the history of the world.

In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in affluence and stability in the area of political affairs had the consequence of allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, considered as a starting point of European civilization by many historians.

8. The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only gossip of a salacious and sexual nature.

The field of journalism has to place its focus on the kind of news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, stories that had not been thought over against deserved to examined deeply because of values of those eras.

The field of journalism has to be placed its focus on the kind of news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, a new dimension that will be considered as a new horizon.

The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, reflecting profit maximization rather than social responsibilities.

9. The solution to automobile dependence is to develop a more extensive transport infrastructure.

The solution to automobile dependence is to develop a more extensive transport infrastructure, transport infrastructure that has not been considered sufficiently because of automotive sector loobies.

The solution to automobile dependence is to develop a more extensive transport infrastructure, a controversial policy that will arouse opposition from automobile manufacturers and government officials.

The solution to automobile dependence is to develop a more extensive transport infrastructure, decreasing dependency to oil and providing also better environment.

10. Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in response to global warming.

Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in response to global warming, global warming that is occured by careless human behviour, according to generally accepted thoughts.

Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in response to global warming, an effort that will be respected by the next generations.

Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in response to global warming, aiming to use his reputation he earned while vice president of the US.

Whales killed

The figures following show yearly the number of whales killed between 1950 and 1985, by their kind .

In the first figure the number of killed blue whales is shown. In 1950 the number was 8,000. The number increased until to 1952. Between 1952 and 1955 the number of killed blue whales sharply decreased from approximately 8, 500 to aproximately 3,800. We see that in the period from 1955 to 1965, against in some years the number of killed blue whales increased, the number killed decreased to 2,000. Subsequently at end of this 10 year-period the number of killed blue declined under 2,000. Eventually, the number of killed blue whales dropped to zero in 1969.

The second figure shows the number of fin whales killed from 1950 to 1985. In beginning of period the number of killed fin whales about 24,000. Then, the number of fin whales went up to 34,000 in the next four years. From 1954 to 1962 the number of killed fin whales remained stable. After this year we see that the number of killed fin whales plummated suddenly to 1975. From 1975 to 1984 the number of killed fin whales were approximately zero. Eventually, the number killed fin whales were zero in 1984.

The number of killed sperm whales is shown at the third figure. As the number of killed sperm whales was about 9,000 in 1950, the number spiked to nearly 17,000 in the following year. Then, we see a downturn between 1951 and 1953. In the 1953 the number was 10,000. The number of sperm whales killed grown to 1965. In 1965 the number of sperm whales killed peaked with 30,000. From 1965 to 1975, the number of sperm whales killed fall noticeably to 20,000. The following 4 year period the number of sperm whales killed plunged to about 2,000. Between 1979 and 1985 the number of sperm whales killed decreased gradually to zero. Finally, the number in the 1985 was zero.

The last figure shows the number of sei whales killed from 1950 to 1985. In the first year we see that the number of sei whales killed was approximately 3,500. Between 1950 and 1956 the number of sei whales killed remained constant. Subsequently the number of sei whiles killed rose dramatically to 10,000 following 9 years period. After 1965 we see the number of sei whales peaked to 30,000 at the end of next two years period. As of 1967, we see reverse movement. In the period between 1967 and 1970, the number of sei whiles killed went down steeply. In the 1970 the number of sei whiles killed was 11,000. We see that the number of sei whiles killed had continuoused to decreasing between 1970 and 1980 even more slowly. Eventually, the number killed was zero.

When we evaluate all figures together, we can conclude that the number of whales killed decreased to zero in 1985. Actually, the number of blue whales killed was zero in 1969. Also, we see some remarkable points. For example, while the numbers of sperm whales and fin whales killed were decreasing between 1965 and 1967, the number of sei whiles killed had increased suddenly. The reason behind of this point may be that while larger whiles were decreasing, hookers were looking for smaller whales. Also, period between1967 and 1970 we see a reverse movement.

comment of figure and table

Total number of international student enrollment between 1993-2002 is shown in Table 17. As it can be seen from the table total number had increased continuously. In the first three years period numbers had increased slightly. However, from 1996/97 to 2002, the number had been soaring.

We can see the number of students enrolled at the same period, in respect of their countries from Figure 9.

a comparison of the regular and the makeup exam

The make up exam was given Friday at 4:PM. Time of exam is afternoon. At the afternoons, students may not be focus on the exams or lectures. It is possible that time affected students adversely. Also, day of the exam was the last business day of a week. If we consider week fatique, it is likely that students took low scores.

On the other hand, number of students taking exam was considerably low. It is probable that these students were not interested in course very much. Besides those might not study the exam well. Furthermore, the difference between number of students taking regular exam and make up exam seems to be not adequate to compare these numbers.

Therefore, against the regular exam prior to the make-up exam no board examples were given. This factor may cause the lower scores.

Finally, the temperature was about 28 C during the make up exam. It is relatively higher than temperature in the regular exam. Some students may be affected negatively from high temperature .

hedges

For most people, physical attraction seems to be important for marital happiness.
According to results of one recent study economic sanctions may be ineffective.
There is a commom belief that alcohol causes people to become violent.
It is very probable that passive smoking causes cancer.
Recycling may be the best solution to the waste disposal problem.
Physical exercise can lessen to a large extent the severity of depression.
Sometimes great novels do not make great films.
Many private schools provide better education than do public schools.

state lotteries

As a consequence of economic slowdown, states have begun to support state lotteries. Actually, benefits of state lotteries have been proved throughout history. State lotteries are also supported by experts becasue of several facts. Since having several benefits, lotteries are used as a tool by many states. Some risks of state lotteries are easily overcome with an effective management.

Review about End of Suburbia

"End of Suburbia" was made in 2004 and hosted by Barrie Zwicker. First, the documentary clearly identifies factors that led to the formation of suburbia. The process of industrialization, expanding cities, and housing politics implemented after World War II are the most important factors. Then, the documentary features what the suburbian life requires to continue. This way of life relies on an unequal distribution of natural resources.

When the documentary investigates the suburban life and its results, it benefits largely from experts on the issue. Opinions of the experts on the suburbia, oil depletion and, other subjects make the documentary more trustworthy.

"End of Suburbia" also is an entertaining film. The documentary not only includes experts opinions and realities but also comprises some parts of movies, cartoons and visual charts. These more lighthearted elements make the film enjoyable.

The documentary touches on different sides of the subject. For example, availability of alternative energy resources such as hydrogen are analyzed. So, it is provided that aduience come to the conclusion several current problems.

Rewiew on Suburbia

A- Criteria on documentary




-Assumption




-Adequate background




- Evidence




-Clarity

-Balanced

-Comprehensive




-Up to date




-Entertaining




-Conclusion






B- It's the End of the World as We Know It (Thomas Wheeler)

Assumption

A simple fact of life is that any system based on the use of nonrenewable resources is unsustainable.

In a fascinating new documentary, "The End of Suburbia: Oil Depletion and the Collapse of the American Dream," the central question is this: Does the suburban way of life have a future? The answer is a resounding no.

Kunstler calls the project of suburbia "the greatest misallocation of resources in the history of the world" and says "America has squandered its wealth in a living arrangement that has no future."

The End of Suburbia outlines the seemingly rational and logical impulse behind the project of suburbia.

Adequate background

"The End of Suburbia" points out that the rise of the suburbs was made possible by abundant and cheap oil.

The voracious and expanding energy needs of our industrial society, our insane consumer culture, and the affluent suburban lifestyles are brushing up against the disturbing reality of finite energy resources.

Evidence

The End of Suburbia marshals an impressive array of evidence that the growing energy demands of the "American dream" in suburbia will eclipse our planet's ability to provide it.

For those who are familiar with the issues of peak oil and resource depletion, the usual suspects are here. They include Richard Heinberg, Michael Klare, Matthew Simmons, Michael C. Ruppert, Julian Darley, Dr. Colin Campbell, and Kenneth Deffeyes, among others. All of these individuals provide valuable information and insights concerning the coming energy crisis and the impact it will have on the lives of people on the North American continent.

The standout star of the film is author and critic of contemporary culture, James Howard Kunstler.

Modern suburbia traces its beginnings to just after World War II when the suburban project took off with a massive housing boom and the increasing dominance of the automotive industry.

Clarity

It serves as great introduction and a real eye-opener for people who are largely unfamiliar with the topic of energy depletion and the impact it will have on their lives and communities.

The End of Suburbia makes it crystal clear that suburban living has very poor prospects for the future. Any attempt to maintain it will be futile.

Balanced

Individuals provide valuable information and insights concerning the coming energy crisis and the impact it will have on the lives of people on the North American continent.

Although the documentary mostly avoids the gloom and doom of some peak oil theorists, it does occasionally touch on some of the darker aspects of fossil fuel depletion, notably how it will impact food production.

It stands to reason that if suburbia is going to collapse, it also means this centralized model of agriculture will collapse too.

Comprehensive vs. neglecting key facts

"The End of Suburbia" points out that no combination of alternative fuels can run and maintain our current system as it is now.

Up to date

The End of Suburbia shows how the suburban way of life has become normalized and reveals the enormous effort currently put forth to maintain it. On a foreign policy level, it means continued aggressive attempts to secure access to the remaining reserves of oil on the planet in order to prop up and maintain the increasingly dysfunctional and obscene suburban lifestyle.

The film does a great job of shooting down the hysterical applause for hydrogen. The idea of a hydrogen economy is mostly fantasy.

Entertaining

The documentary is actually quite engaging and entertaining. Not only is it informative for those already familiar with the issues but it's also quite accessible and enlightening for the uninitiated.

Conclusion

When you look at all the conceivable alternatives the conclusion is there is no combination of any alternatives that will allow us to continue consuming the way we do.

The consensus is the suburbs will surely not survive the end of cheap oil and natural gas. In other words, the massive downscaling of America--voluntary or involuntary--will be the trend of the future.

It does provide a much-needed look at the reality of the situation many in North America will be facing in the coming years. For that reason, "The End of Suburbia" is one of the most important must-see documentaries of the year.

3- This is a positive commentary about the documentary.

The End of Suburbia

Main claim: There are some serious concerns on sustainability of suburban life because of different problems.

Background of the problem: - As a result of enlarging of cities at the end of the industrializing process, people had to find places to live for them necessarily. So the first suburbs were created.

- Housing politics enforced especially after the World War II to beginning of 1950's.

- Misallocation of resources of the world. Oil was very cheap in the past in the US. For example, oil was cheaper than water in 1930's. Cheap oil accelerated suburban life.

- Mass production of motor vehicles.

- As a result of these facts, suburban life style required the consumption of all kind of natural resources in a large extent.

Reasons: Living in suburbs requires tremendous amounts of oil, for example to commute between suburbs and cities, malls, schools etc. As a result, oil reserves of the world have decreased, while oil prices have increased.

Suburban life causes global warming. For example, in the summers people uses more energy for cooling. So global warming is another reason.

Consumption of oil is the most convincing factor.

Evidences: Oil production and consumption of the world are at a peak level nowadays. In the next decades, these will decrease.

The other energy resources can not be used effectively like oil.

More global conflicts such as Iraq and Afghanistan.

Irresponsibility of media.

Counter-arguments: - Using of hydrogen is a myth.

- Natural gas may be an alternative.

Implications: Everything will be small. Agriculture will be affected worsely. Irrigation will be hard.

Solutions: New urbanism (more walkable places, retailing locally, new architecture techniques)

Developing of rail road systems.

Use of alternative energy, for example natural gas and wind energy.

Cause-effect

Throughout history, the banking system has experienced numerous crises occuring throughout the world. Turkey experienced severe banking crises period between the end of 90's and the beginning of millenium because of several factors. One cause, which may be the most important, was the inadequacy of banking regulations. Due to this lack of regulation, government and related authorities couldn't take required action on time and supervise the banks effectively. Another reason for the crisis was intensive lending transactions of banks with parent companies holding them. These transactions led to a situation in which the financial stability of banks was dependent, to a large extent, on the companies. Financial deterioration of these companies was inevitably reflected in the banks' balance sheets huge losses. Another important factor was the deficient levels of banks' capital. Because of less capital, banks were not able to cope with adverse events happening suddenly in the whole economy of the country.

descriptive paragraphs

A persimmon is a fruit. It is composed of skin and seed. Black and brown are most common skin colours of persimmon. Seed composes almost half of persimmon. The seeds are used to plant new persimmon tree.



A soccer goal is a basic aim of soccer match. To achieve a goal, soccer ball should pass the through the goalpost and crossbar. It is not required that the ball touch net.

speaking ofwriting-interviews with people on the job

Hamermesh in her paper titled "Interwievs with People on the Job" has clarified her study on improving quality of business writing course. She seeks better ways to teach her students. Therefore, she conducts some interviews with different managers from the several levels of business world. Her interviews are based on some questions. Despite some surprises, according to her findings quality of a writing can be determined by its conciseness, correctness, conversational tone, awareness of audience, logical organization and expressing culture. Also, she mentions that interviewed persons attaching very great importance to their writings, demanding good writing skills from the new employees. Her findings were compatible with textbooks, allowing her to teach her classes with greater confidence in her teaching materials.

Emphasis

The greatest danger to the nation is the trend towards a more powerful executive branch.

Cataclysmic changes in our environment could be triggered by current policies.

Opportunities for subordinates to discuss these changes with managers are limited.

The new software and the printer drivers are not compatible.

Since human beings have discussed so many topics, having a unique idea is difficult.

The defining characteristic of all revolutionaries is wholehearted devotion to a cause.

The third way open to oppressed people in their quest for freedom is the way of nonviolent resistance. The principle of nonviolent resistance seeks to reconcile the truths of acquiescence and violance while avoiding the extremes and immoralities.

summarizing paragraphs about international students

Based on previous research and social capital theory, Trice (2004) argues that international students trying to socialize expose to less negative psychological effects. To be socialized requires having social capital useful for international students to become familiar with American society.

On the contrary of some researches, Cigularova (2005) claim that adaptation process of international students may be easily got over with the assistance of different parts of the society.

Some researches state that deficiencies of international students on personel assertiveness cause several adaptation problems. Other researches and a workshop claim that spesific attempts can provide positive conributions to international students to get used to university life.

A capacity for Joy

Mason and McCarthy (1995) claim that whole types of animals play. Also, play can be performed in many different ways. A few number of animals have ability to learn rules of some plays but the basics of this point are not explained. Although its all difficulties, animals try to play with the other kinds of animal and it is observed that they are successful. Whatever basics or aims of plays are not determine, play is an important subject for animals.

Summarizing paragraphs

O, Connor (2004) states that facilities of electronic communication provide academic commnuties more opportunities to make their task easily and encourage them to attempt sophisticated projects.

McKeachie (1995) asserts that because a good method of education differs between students, teacher should improve their teaching techniques all the time.

animal behaviour

Animals living in sea have several skills to survive. Dolphins seperate from the other animals with their an interesting method of feeding. This method consists of parts following each other. When dolphins decide to feeding themselves go to shallow water. In the shallow water, they do not disturb other fishes, especially their hunts, firstly. They behave as they go by with out doing nothing. Then, suddenly they change the roads and hunt fishes. In this time, dolphins begin to use big mugs to capture their hunts. If they do not capture fishes, dolphins whacks easily the fishes with their snouts.

AWL Sublist 1

Sublist 1
analyze The researcher analyzed economic policy in his paper.

approach His approach to the issue was very effective/innovative.

area Area of focus on my job are regulation on accounting and financial ratios.

assess The professor assesed the basic determinants of the interest rates.

assume He assumes that students know the contents of his lecture.

authority She's an authority on Middle East politics.

available She couldn't buy the text book because it was not available.

benefit The system of providing outlandish benefit packages to CEOs has been critisized by writers.

concept Conceptions of the ruler party on the social security expenditures are generally accepted.

consist My thesis consists of several parts.

constitute Several parts of society think that the Constitution should be changed.

context In this context, the authority initiated new studies.

contract The player will sign the contract in the presence of journalists.

create D.C has a lots of recreation areas located throughout the entire city.

data At first, we should gather required data to do the assignment.

define Definiton of some concepts are very sophisticated.

derive A big part of his annual revenue derives from rents of his real states.

distribute The corporation has decided to change its distrubution companies on the some
countries

economy Slowdown in the world economy triggered some worries about the future.

environment This year's environmental tax will be higher than that of last year.

establish The singer damaged his well-established reputation.

estimate Statistics has different estimation theories to explain uncertainty.

evident CSI is a good serial film illuminating the importance of evidences of crimes.

export The last month's export figure was above expectations.

factor several committees have studied on factors related with inflation.

finance Unless it is very sophisticated major, finance has been preffered largely.

formula Excell includes a lots of different formulations.

function The washing machines in the building don't function properly.

identify Identification cards are given to students by the university to use its facilities.

income The big share of income tax gathered by indirect ways is a charecteristic of emerging countries.

indicate Increasing consumer loans are considered as an indicator of economic growth.

individual Everyone has different individual enjoyments.

interpret Experts interpreted the last month's inflation as consumption decreased.

involve Passing the exam involves working hard.

issue Our school will began to issue a new journal in the next months.

labor Rights of the labor have accepted from the beginning of the this century.

legal Illegal activities are punished in the every countries to obtain confidence of the people.

legislate In our country legislation auhority belongs to National Assembly.

major It was very hard task for me to determine the major.

method They are working to develop the new teaching methods.

occur A severe storm occured suddenly in the south coast.

percent He sells his goods with twenty percent of profit margin.

period Our major includes three periods in a year.

policy When education policy has been determined every point should have been considered.

principle He wants that everyone respect his principles.

proceed The factory proceeds its production despite all economic difficulties.

process The production process includes several interconnected lines.

require Finding a better job requires good education and hard working.

research He researched his master thesis hedge funds and private equity funds.

respond Ministery of finance responded critics against budget figures.

role One has various roles in the life.

section Finance students were separated to two sections.

sector U.S. banking sector revealed huge amount of loss in their balance sheet.

significant Organization of the agency was changed significantly.

similar Some countries have applied similar policies on the social security.

source Natural sources should be used carefully.

specific In the last research specific aspects of the agriculture policy are studied.

structure The government made very important structural reforms last year.

theory Theories drawn attention in the past may be considered unimportant nowadays.

vary Naturally, people has various characteristics.

Time Management

Persons have several tasks and roles their lives. Each task and role require several times. However, everybody has 24 hours in a day and every one should use their times properly. People should maintain balance between their work, school, personal and family lives. In this point, time management constitutes an important subject.

One managing his times correctly is a successful in his life. Time management is made by several methods. Also time management has some principles. Some of them can be changed by in respect of a person; we may make list some of them.

At first, scheduling tasks and jobs may be useful. To know things which should be done help us in using times. We make a schedule in different ways. For example, we can list tasks depend on their deadlines, hardness levels or priorities. After scheduling, we should determine certain times to do our tasks. In this manner, we plan our lives.

Secondly, spare time can be used to in an effectively. For instance when driving, walking or in the metro, a man may do some things. Reading, listening or scanning studies are listed as examples. Of course, every body allocate some times for relaxing and spare time should not be considered as a relaxing times.

Water resources

Building water resources policy is very hard issue due to several problems. One of the problems is conflict of interest. Conflict between flood control and irrigation and between requirements for abundance and those for scarcity of water can be accounted as an example. Also, varying climates conditions may be shown another problem. Irregular periods of drought and wet, problems of land and water make difficult to build the policy. Lastly administrative failures complicate to develop of water policy. Inadequate studies of water flow and soil have caused shortcomings in the policy.

Writing paragraphs:Adding spesific information

3- These may be abstract, introduction, scope, academic literature, result and sources.



4- Because, there are many universities and colleges and job opportunities.



5- This behaviour may be harmful to eyes, causing changes in their behaviour.



6- This situation is becomen by rising of government expenditure, decrasing premium rates.



7-Because of growing population and decreasing energy sources of world. They should work together and improve new technologies.

8- Academic papers are generally written in English. In many countries in the world are many universities of which education language is English.

9- Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin are known dictators of the century.

10- Because of reliability of internet sources is controversial. There is no supervising mechanism on the truth of these sources.

11- They may provide transportation facilities, financial assistance.

12- Some tasks and responsibilities may be given young people. Certain opportunities can be provided to these people to show their capabilities.